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    Steam Tables, Metal & Alloys Chemical Composition, SS Metal Gauges, Sanitary Tubing Info & More
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    Chemical Composition Percentage of Metals and Alloys
    Stainless Steel Metal Gauges
    Pipe Schedules

    Sanitary Tubing: Specifications
    Sanitary Tubing: Grit & Finish
    Sanitary Tubing: Description by Finish Number
    Sanitary Tubing: Finish Specifications

    Steam: Capacity Calculations for Steam Loads
    Steam: Heating Air with Steam Pipe Coils
    Steam: Properties of Saturated Steam
    Steam: Velocity Chart

    Chemical Composition Percentage of Metals and Alloys
      304 304L 316 316L 1.4435
    Carbon C 0.080 0.030 0.080 0.030 0.030*
    Manganese Mn 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
    Phosphorus P 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045*
    Sulfur S 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.025
    Silicon Si 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00*
    Chromium Cr 18.0-20.0 18.0-20.0 16.0-18.0 16.0-18.0 17.0-18.0
    Nickel Ni 8.0-13.0 8.0-12.0 10.0-14.0 10.0-14.0 12.5-14.0
    Molybdenum Mo     2.0-3.0 2.0-3.0 2.5-3.0
    Tungsten W          
    Vanadium V          
    Cobalt Co          
    Other       0.10-0.16N 0.10-0.16N 0.1N* 0.05T*
    *Maximum


      2205 AL-6XN C-22 C-276  
    Carbon C 0.030* 0.030* 0.010* 0.010*  
    Manganese Mn 2.00* 2.00* 1.00* 1.00*  
    Phosphorus P 0.030* 0.040*   0.025  
    Sulfur S 0.020* 0.030*   0.010*  
    Silicon Si 1.00* 1.00* 0.08* 0.08*  
    Chromium Cr 22.0-23.0 20.0-22.0 22.0 14.5-16.5  
    Nickel Ni 4.5-6.5 23.5-25.5 56.0 57.0  
    Molybdenum Mo 3.0-3.5 6.0-7.0 13.0 15.0-17.0  
    Tungsten W     3.0* 3.0-4.5  
    Vanadium V     0.35* 0.35*  
    Cobalt Co     2.5* 2.5*  
    Other   0.14-0.20N 0.18-0.25 N 3.0 Fe 4.0-7.0 Fe  
    *Maximum


    Stainless Steel Metal Gauges
    Gauge Thickness (in) lbs/sq ft
    22 0.0293 1.23
    20 0.0355 1.49
    19 0.0420 1.76
    18 0.0420 2.02
    16 0.0595 2.50
    14 0.0751 3.15
    13 0.0900 3.78
    12 0.1054 4.43
    11 0.1200 5.04
    10 0.1350 5.67
    8 0.1650 6.93
    7 0.1874 7.87
    -- 0.2500 11.16


    Pipe Schedules
    Tube vs. Pipe
    Manufactured to a set outside diameter, tube is expressed as 1.5" OD, .065" wall. Pipe is specified by a nominal, not actual, inside diameter. The wall thickness of pipe is described by the "schedule," such as schedule 40.

    Size OD Schedule 5 Schedule 10
    (inches) (inches) ID Wall Thickness ID Wall Thickness
    1/8 0.405 .0335 0.035 0.307 0.049
    1/4 0.540 0.442 0.049 0.410 0.065
    3/8 0.675 0.577 0.049 0.545 0.065
    1/2 0.840 0.710 0.065 0.674 0.083
    3/4 1.050 0.920 0.065 0.884 0.083
    1 1.315 1.185 0.065 1.097 0.109
    1 1/4 1.660 1.530 0.065 1.442 0.109
    1 1/2 1.900 1.770 0.065 1.682 0.109
    2 2.375 2.245 0.065 2.157 0.109
    2 1/2 2.875 2.709 0.083 2.635 0.120
    3 3.500 3.334 0.083 3.260 0.120
    3 1/2 4.000 3.834 0.083 3.760 0.120
    4 4.500 4.334 0.083 4.260 0.120
    5 5.563 5.345 0.109 5.295 0.134
    6 6.625 6.407 0.109 6.357 0.134
    8 8.625 8.407 0.109 8.329 0.148


    Size OD Schedule 40 Schedule 80
    (inches) (inches) ID Wall Thickness ID Wall Thickness
    1/8 0.405 0.269 0.068 0.215 0.095
    1/4 0.540 0.364 0.088 0.302 0.119
    3/8 0.675 0.493 0.091 0.423 0.126
    1/2 0.840 0.622 0.109 0.546 0.147
    3/4 1.050 0.824 0.113 0.742 0.154
    1 1.315 1.049 0.133 0.957 0.179
    1 1/4 1.660 1.380 0.140 1.278 0.191
    1 1/2 1.900 1.610 0.145 1.500 0.200
    2 2.375 2.067 0.154 1.939 0.218
    2 1/2 2.875 2.469 0.203 2.323 0.276
    3 3.500 3.068 0.216 2.900 0.300
    3 1/2 4.000 3.548 0.226 3.364 0.318
    4 4.500 4.026 0.237 3.826 0.337
    5 5.563 5.047 0.258 4.813 0.375
    6 6.625 6.065 0.280 5.761 0.432
    8 8.625 7.981 0.322 7.625 0.500


    Sanitary Tubing: Specifications
    Tube OD  Wall Thickness  Tube ID  Volume  Weight Dry  Weight  w/ Water  Flow at a Mean Velocity  GPM
    (inches) (inches) (inches) (gal/100ft) (lbs/100ft) (lbs/100ft) (5 fps) (7 fps) (10 fps)
    1/4 0.035 0.180 0.13 8.1 9.2 0.40 0.56 0.79
    3/8 0.035 0.305 0.38 12.9 16.0 1.14 1.59 2.28
    1/2 0.065 0.370 0.56 30.6 35.3 1.7 2.3 3.4
    3/4 0.065 0.620 1.57 48.2 61.3 4.7 6.6 9.4
    1 0.065 0.870 3.09 65.8 91.5 9.3 13 19
    1 1/2 0.065 1.370 7.66 100.9 164.8 23 32 46
    2 0.065 1.870 14.27 136.1 255.1 43 60 86
    2 1/2 0.065 2.370 22.92 171.2 362.4 69 96 138
    3 0.065 2.870 33.60 206.4 486.7 101 141 202
    4 0.083 3.834 59.97 351.8 851.9 180 252 360
    6 0.109 5.782 136.39 694.7 1832.2 409 573 818
    8 0.109 7.782 247.07 930.6 2991.1 741 1038 1482


    Sanitary Tubing: Grit & Finish
    Grit Ra (Range, micro-inch)
    150 30-35
    180 20-25
    240 15-20
    320 9-11


    Sanitary Tubing: Description by Finish Number
    No. Description
    1 Industrial or mill finish. Bright annealed, pickled, sand blasted or tumbled
    3 Sanitary. ID polished to #150 grit or 32 Ra, OD mill finish
    3A Polished #150 grit OD, #180 grit ID
    5 Industrial. ID mill finish, OD polish to #150 grit or 32 Ra
    7 Sanitary. ID and OD polished to #150 grit or 32 Ra


    Sanitary Tubing: Finish Specifications
    Process Ra (Micro Inches) Ra (Microns) ISO designation
    150 grit 30 - 35 0.75 - 0.875 N6
    150 grit + Electropolish 12 - 20 0.3 - .05  
           
    180 grit 20 - 25 0.5 - .0625  
    180 grit + Electropolish 10 - 16 0.25 - 0.4  
           
    240 grit 15 - 20 0.375 - 0.5 N5
    240 grit + Electropolish 8 - 12 0.2 - 0.3  
           
    320 grit 8 - 12 0.2 - 0.3 N4
    320 grit + Electropolish 6 - 12 0.15 - 0.3  


    Steam: Capacity Calculations for Steam Loads


    Steam: Heating Air with Steam Pipe Coils


    Steam: Properties of Saturated Steam
    Download Steam Table PDF

    Steam Velocity Chart
    Download Steam Velocity Chart PDF